Fatigue fracture: The most common failure mode; caused by prolonged exposure to repeated dynamic loads, where internal micro-cracks gradually propagate until fracture occurs-a phenomenon more likely in high-frequency operating environments.
Permanent plastic deformation: Occurs when the working load exceeds the elastic limit or heat treatment is inadequate; the spring fails to return to its original shape and dimensions after unloading, resulting in a loss of preset spring force.
Corrosion failure: In humid or corrosive environments, the spring surface erodes to form rust pits, reducing the effective load-bearing cross-sectional area and significantly diminishing strength.
Wear failure: Caused by prolonged friction between the spring and guiding elements or adjacent components; surface material is gradually worn away, altering the spring's dimensions and elastic properties.
Instability/Brittle fracture: Lateral buckling instability resulting from flawed design parameters, or sudden fracture without significant plastic deformation occurring at low temperatures or due to material defects.